The specific process of sea export consignment

(1) Shipping:

1. For seaborne export transportation, when the transaction is concluded on CIF or CFR terms and the seller arranges transportation, the working procedures are as follows:

(1) Review the shipping terms in the L/C: In order to make the shipment work smoothly, after receiving the L/C, you must review the relevant shipping terms in the L/C, such as the shipping period, settlement period, port of shipment, port of destination, whether they can Transshipment or partial shipment and whether to designate the shipping company, ship name, ship registry and class, etc., some documents require various certificates, such as route certificate, ship registry certificate, etc. For these terms and regulations, I shall comply with our country's policy , international practice, whether the request is reasonable and or achievable, etc. to consider accepting or making a request for modification.

(2) Stocking and application for inspection: according to the export contract and the letter of credit, the relevant provisions of the variety, specification, quantity, packaging, etc. of the goods, prepare the export goods to be delivered on time, according to the quality and quantity, and make an application. Inspection and certification work. Refrigerated goods should be cooled to ensure that they meet the specified temperature requirements when loading. In our country, all the commodities listed in the "category table" stipulated by the commodity inspection agency and the commodities that are issued by the commodity inspection agency according to the letter of credit and the trade contract, must fill in the "export inspection application" before export declaration. ; Apply for commodity inspection. Some export commodities need to be weighed, and some need to undergo animal and plant quarantine or health and safety inspections, which must be completed in advance and obtain a qualified inspection certificate. Do a good job of preparations before shipment, and the cargo certificates are complete, you can handle the consignment work.

(3) Consignment booking: After preparing the export consignment note, you can go through the entrusted booking procedures with the freight forwarder. According to the specific requirements of the cargo owner, the freight forwarder will book the space with the shipping company or its agent in time after sorting by route. The cargo owner can also book space directly with the shipping company or its agent. When the shipping company or its agent signs out the bill of lading, the booking work is completed, which means that the contract of carriage between the shipper and the carrier has been concluded.

(4) Insurance: After the goods are booked, if the goods are insured by the seller, the insurance procedures for cargo transportation insurance can be handled. The insurance amount is usually insured with the CIF price of the invoice plus the insurance (the amount of the plus is agreed by the buyer and the seller, if there is no agreement, the insurance is generally plus 10%).

(5) Port area where cargo is concentrated: when the ship's arrival and loading plan is determined, the shipper will complete the consolidation procedures in accordance with the port purchase notice and within the specified time limit, and transport the exported goods to the port area in time to concentrate and wait for loading. Ships, make sure the batch is clear, the number of pieces is clear, and the mark is clear. Special attention should be paid to maintaining close contact with the port area, shipping companies and related transportation companies or railways, etc., to complete the purchase on time, and prevent the work from being out of line and affecting the progress of the shipment.

(6) Customs declaration work: After the goods are concentrated in the port area, the prepared export goods declaration form together with the loading list, invoice, packing list, commodity inspection certificate, export contract, foreign exchange verification form and other relevant documents are declared to the customs for export. Ships can only be loaded after being inspected and released by customs officers.

(7) Loading work: Before loading the ship, the tally staff, on behalf of the ship, collects the loading list and the receipt list of the goods released by the customs. ferry. During the loading process, the freight forwarder entrusted by the shipper should be on-site to supervise the loading, keep abreast of the loading progress and deal with temporary problems. After loading, the tally team leader should sign the receipt with the ship's chief mate and deliver it to the shipper. If the tally clerk finds that a certain batch is defective or poorly packaged, he will make a note on the receipt and sign it by the chief mate to determine the responsibilities of both parties. However, as a shipper, you should try your best not to remark on the receipt to obtain a clean bill of lading.

(8) After the shipment is completed, the shipper can exchange the on-board bill of lading with the shipping company or its agent with the delivery note, in addition to issuing the shipping notice to the consignee, and the transportation work will come to an end.

(9) Settlement of foreign exchange by document preparation: After preparing the foreign exchange settlement documents stipulated in the contract or letter of credit, within the validity period of negotiation stipulated in the contract or letter of credit, submit the documents to the bank and go through the formalities of foreign exchange settlement.


2. Containerized Export Procedures:

(1) Booking - According to the provisions of the trade contract or the letter of credit, the consignor fills in the container cargo consignment note (CONTAINER BOOKING NOTE) within a certain period of time before the consignment of the goods, entrusts its agent or directly applies to the shipping company for booking.

(2) Accept the consignment application - the shipping company or the agency company considers the requirements of the consignor according to its own capacity, routes and other specific conditions, and decides whether to accept it or not. If the application is accepted, it will start to compile a booking list, and then distribute the container stack. Yard (CY), Container Freight Station (CFS), arrange empty containers and handle freight handover accordingly.

(3) Empty containers are issued - usually, the empty containers for FCL freight are collected by the consignor from the container terminal yard, and some shippers have their own containers; the empty containers for LCL freight are collected by the container freight station.

(4) LCL cargo packing - the consignor delivers less than one full container of goods to the freight station, and the freight station is responsible for packing according to the booking list and the station receipt, and then the packer prepares the container packing list (CONTAINER LOAD PLAN).

(5) FCL delivery - the consignor is responsible for packing and shipping the FCL with customs seal to CY. According to the booking list, CY checks the terminal receipt (DOCK RECEIPT D/R) and the packing list to accept the goods.

(6) Container Handover Visa - CY or CFS accepts the goods and/or boxes, that is, signs the depot receipt, and returns the signed D/R to the shipper.

(7) Exchange bill of lading - the consignor exchanges the bill of lading (COMBINED TRANSPORT BILL OF LADING) with the container transport operator or its agent with D/R, and then goes to the bank for foreign exchange settlement.

(8) Ship loading - The container loading and unloading area formulates a loading plan according to the loading situation, and adjusts the shipped boxes to the yard in front of the container terminal. After the ship docks, it can be loaded and shipped.


Types of ocean bills of lading:

1. According to whether the goods have been shipped, it can be divided into SHIPPED ON BORAD B/L and RECEIVEDFOR SHIPMENT B/L. The former refers to the bill of lading issued after the goods have been loaded on the ship, while the latter refers to the bill of lading issued when the carrier has taken over the goods and is ready to ship, so it is also called the received bill of lading. In a trade contract, the buyer generally requires the seller to provide the on-board bill of lading, because the on-board bill of lading has the name of the ship and the date of shipment, which ensures that the consignee will receive the goods on time.

2. According to whether there are bad comments on the appearance of the goods, the bill of lading can be divided into clean bill of lading (CLEANB/L) and unclean bill of lading (UNCLEAN OR FOUL B/L). The former refers to a bill of lading that appears to be in good condition when the goods are loaded on board, and generally has not been marked with an obvious indication that the goods and/or packaging are defective. In foreign trade, for security reasons, banks require a clean bill of lading when negotiating payment. The latter refers to the bill of lading in which the carrier has marked the goods and/or the packaging is in poor condition or defective.

3. According to different modes of transportation, the bill of lading can be divided into direct bill of lading (DIRECT B/L), transshipment bill of lading (TRANSHIPMENT B/L), combined transport bill of lading (THROUGH B//L) and combined transport bill of lading (COMBINED TRANSPORT B/L). A direct bill of lading is a bill of lading issued by the carrier to ship directly from the port of departure to the port of destination. If the cargo ship at the port of departure does not sail directly to the port of destination, it must be replaced at the port of transshipment with the bill of lading issued by another ship when it arrives at the port of destination, which is called the transshipment bill of lading. If the goods need to be transported to the destination port by two or more stages, and one of them is by sea, such as sea-land, sea-air combined transport or sea-sea combined transport, the bill of lading issued is called a combined bill of lading. Therefore, the transshipment bill of lading is actually a kind of intermodal bill of lading. The combined transport must be a bill of lading issued by the carrier when two or more different modes of transport are transported consecutively. Therefore, the combined transport bill of lading is also called the multimodal bill of lading. At present, in actual business, many shipping companies use the same format as the combined transport bill of lading, but when used as a combined transport bill of lading, the bill of lading must not only list the port of departure and the port of destination, but also the place of receipt. , the place of delivery and the name of the means of transport in the preceding paragraph, etc.